Arenite: A Physics-based Sandstone Simulator


1Purdue University, USA
2Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, France
3Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS (LIX), IP Paris, France

ACM Transaction on Graphics, Vol. 44, No.4 (SIGGRAPH 2025)
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A large sandstone structure generated by Arenite. The user defines simple initial conditions of each object (layer hardness and vegetation), and the physics-based simulation generates the results.

Abstract

We introduce Arenite, a novel physics-based approach for modeling sandstone structures. The key insight of our work is that simulating a combination of stress and multi-factor erosion enables the generation of a wide variety of sandstone structures observed in nature. We isolate the key shape-forming phenomena: multi-physics fabric interlocking, wind and fluvial erosion, and particle-based deposition processes. Complex 3D structures such as arches, alcoves, hoodoos, or buttes can be achieved by creating simple 3D structures with user-painted erodable areas and vegetation and running the simulation. We demonstrate the algorithm on a wide variety of structures, and our GPU-based implementation achieves the simulation in less than 5 minutes on a desktop computer for our most complex example.

Overview

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Arenite overview: The rough input shape has some areas painted by the user (viability, vegetation) and is converted into particles in a grid. Stress distribution is calculated, and erodibility is determined. The wind and fluvial erosion then modify the shape, and some material is deposited, which results in the final shape.

Real Sandstone Structure Simulation

Other Results

Supplementary Video

BibTeX

Coming soon!